A Conceptual Review of Hotel Employees' Zero Waste Knowledge within the Framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Özet

Environmental challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, and increasing waste generation have intensified the need for sustainable development practices across all sectors. Within this context, zero waste management has emerged as a comprehensive strategy that aims to prevent waste at its source, promote reuse and recycling, and support the transition to a circular economy. The tourism sector, particularly accommodation establishments, represents a critical area for the implementation of zero-waste practices due to its high consumption patterns and significant waste output. This study examines zero waste management within the framework of sustainability, with a specific focus on the role of hotel employees in the successful implementation of such practices. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the research explores how employees’ knowledge, attitudes, behavioral intentions, and perceived behavioral control influence their participation in zero-waste initiatives. Unlike much of the existing literature, which predominantly focuses on technical infrastructure or consumer behavior, this study emphasizes the human dimension of sustainability by addressing employee-related factors in a holistic manner. The findings indicate that effective waste management in accommodation establishments cannot be achieved solely through technical systems or regulatory compliance. Instead, it requires an integrated approach that combines environmental awareness, organizational commitment, and individual behavioral change. Employees with higher levels of knowledge and positive attitudes toward zero-waste practices are more likely to develop strong behavioral intentions, which in turn lead to consistent and effective implementation of sustainable practices. Moreover, perceived behavioral control and supportive social norms significantly enhance employees’ engagement in these processes. The study also highlights the importance of organizational factors such as training programs, managerial support, and institutional culture in shaping employee behavior. Continuous education, incentive mechanisms, and leadership commitment are identified as key drivers in fostering long-term participation and ensuring the sustainability of zero-waste systems. Additionally, employees’ active involvement not only improves operational efficiency but also positively influences guests’ environmental awareness and behaviors. In conclusion, zero waste management in the accommodation sector should be considered a multidimensional strategy that integrates technical, organizational, and human factors. The success of such systems largely depends on empowering employees through knowledge, motivation, and supportive work environments. This study contributes to the literature by underlining the critical role of employee behavior in sustainability practices and provides a foundation for future empirical research in this field.