MU'TAZILA SCHOOL DURING THE ABBASID PERIOD

Abstract

In this study, Islamic thought, Hijri II. The aim of this study is to examine the development process of the Mu'tazila school, which emerged at the beginning of the century and came to the fore with the rational-rationalist perspective it developed, in the Abbasid period. Mu'tazila first emerged with the theories of al-menzile beyne'l-menziletayn and al-va'd ve'l-vaîd, which he realized as a result of the discussions on the relationship between faith and deeds; He differed from other theological schools by revealing the distinctiveness of tawhid, justice and al-amrû bi'l-ma'rûf ve'n-nehyu ani'l-munkar, which he later developed and systematized. In the emergence of the school, the socio-cultural environment that has changed as a result of political events and conquests, which is effective in the background of theological debates, comes to the fore. With the effect of the translation activities, which started especially in the Umayyad period and continued in the Abbasid period, the sect developed theories on the subjects of knowledge and existence as well as theological subjects. Mu'tazila, which started to form during the Umayyad period, had its golden age in the time of the Abbasid caliphs Me'mun, Mu'tasim and Vâsık, but started to lose its power in the eyes of the state and the people with the transition of Mutawakkil to the caliphate as a result of their active role in the mihne policies implemented. The theories developed by the research school and the political, social, religious and cultural conditions in which it is present have been tried to be revealed in the context of time-space and with a descriptive method by using the idea-event connection. In addition, the information in the classical sources was handled with an objective point of view and examined with a critical method. Thus, it is aimed to select the justifiable reasonable from the securities. The theories developed by the research school and the political, social, religious and cultural conditions in which it is located have been tried to be revealed in the context of time-space and with a descriptive method by using the idea-event connection. In addition, the information in classical sources was handled with an objective point of view and analyzed with a critical method. Thus, it is aimed to select the justifiable reasonable from the securities. This study is important in terms of revealing a cross-section of the historical background that was effective in the emergence of Mu'tazila and systematization of its theories.