Fire Safety of Lithium-Ion Batteries: Risk Assessment, Precautions, and Mitigation in Battery Electric Vehicles
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11434251Keywords:
Electric Vehicle Fires, Lithium-Ion Battery, Battery Electric Vehicle, Thermal Runaway, FirefightingAbstract
Purpose: This study focuses on the fire safety of Battery Electric Vehicles, particularly examining the fire risks associated with Lithium-Ion batteries and the management of these risks.
Materials and Methods: The analysis is based on an in-depth review of current literature, particularly studies on thermal runaway scenarios in Lithium-Ion batteries and their tendencies to ignite while parked or during traffic accidents. Additionally, the relationship between the global usage and sales data of Battery Electric Vehicles and fire incidents has been evaluated.
Findings: Despite offering high energy density and efficiency, Battery Electric Vehicles carry a risk of fire and explosion, especially when Lithium-Ion batteries are physically damaged. Thermal runaway events in these batteries can result in serious fires, with increased risks during traffic accidents. General sales figures for electric vehicles and the incidence of fires in these vehicles are on the rise.
Conclusion: With the proliferation of Battery Electric Vehicles, an increase in fire incidents is expected. This situation requires the development of new strategies and methods for both vehicle manufacturers and emergency services such as fire departments. Enhancing the safety of onboard energy storage systems and increasing public awareness ofthis issue are recommended.
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