CONTEXT BASED APPEARANCES OF THE VERB 'BUYURMAK', ITS USE AS A SUBSTITUTION ELEMENT IN THE IMPERATIVE

Abstract

With the developments in pragmatics, the concept of context has gained importance and linguistic products have begun to be handled with the context in which they are produced. Pragmatics which studies the use of language in context deals mainly with communicative action and researches questions such as what can be counted as action, and how the action relates to context. The most used forms ‘buyur or buyurun’ from the imperative of the verb ‘buyurmak’ can have various meaning such as promise, threat, affirmation, order, invitation, expressing, calling, question, encouragement, incitement, permission etc. according to the items they replaced and to the conditions of the enunciation such as the tone, gestures and mimics of the speaker, to social, socio-cultural, cognitive, psychological or linguistic context differences. With this study, it is determined that the verb ‘buyurmak’ in the imperative can be used as a ‘substitution’ item in place of verb, sentence or long utterances and it has a wide range of uses. It is concluded that the verb is a great wealth and ease of expression for Turkish. This study dealt with the appearances of the verb ‘buyurmak’ according to the words with which it is collocated, that is, to its linguistic contexts; the appearances of its imperative forms according to their linguistic and situational contexts, in the framework of the speech act theory (Austin, 1962; Searle, 1969). It is tried to be explained with the examples that the verb can be used as a ‘substitution’ item functionning as a cohesive device in the microstructure of the texts. In this qualitative study aiming to present descriptive information in all its richness the printed dictionaries such as Türkçe Sözlük (2011), Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük (2011), Yeni Tarama Sözlüğü (1983), and dictionaries accessed from the internet, in terms of being up-to-date and providing quick access, such as www.lugatim.com and www.sozluk.gov.tr were scanned by general scanning method. TUD (Turkish National Corpus) was also used.