A Look At The Land System In The Ottoman Empire

Abstract

The Ottoman Empire was established as an agricultural country with the political, socio-economic and socio-cultural development of the Ottoman Principality, which was one of the principalities formed after the collapse of the Anatolian Seljuk State and reached the empire level by gradually developing its basic dynamics.

The Ottoman Empire, which started life as an Islamic state, was based on the understanding of ownership and land system by its founders from the relevant parts of Islamic law in economic terms and continued to implement the iqta system developed by Nizam al-Mulk, the famous vizier of the Seljuk State, in compliance with Islamic principles. However, with the inclusion of the newly acquired lands within the borders of the state through continuous conquests, the Ottoman Empire created its own "Dirlik System" by subjecting the lands to a new classification in the historical process with the fatwas given by the authorities within the framework of Islamic law. In this regard, for example, in the XVI. From the middle of the 19th century onwards, land practices in the Ottoman Empire were collected under three main headings Toprak-i öşriyye, Ayrın-i haraciyye and Toprak-i memleket or Araz-ı mîrî, continued until the Land Code dated 1858 came into force. Since the regulation of the Land Code dated 1858, lands have been Miri was applied to the end of the state, including property, foundation, abandoned and mevat.

Since the subject is quite comprehensive, this study will try to give a brief overview of the importance of soil in general, the land system applied from the early periods of Islam until the Ottomans and the land system applied in the Ottoman Empire until the Pre-Tanzimat period.