Typological Analysis in the Context of Modern Architecture: Turkish Republic Republic Central Bank Branch Buildings Constructed Through Competitions

Abstract

Modern architecture, which has been in the world in the 1920s and which is an innovative understanding differentiated from previous architectural products in terms of design concept, materials and construction techniques with the effect of technological and social developments, has started to be discussed and researched after the year of 1990. Modern architectural heritage, many of which preserve their original form, were built with qualified design approaches shaped depending on the function, technique and the spatial conditions that can be a reference for today's and future buildings. The central banks obtained through the architectural project competitions have also made a significant contribution to the dissemination of modern architectural products in Anatolian cities, increasing the level of architectural culture and ensuring the development of urban space through innovative designs. Designed by well-known architects or selected from competition projects, central bank buildings have been important representations of modern architecture in the cities where they were built. In this study, it is aimed to analyse the buildings typologically in order to understand the original qualities and design principles of the central bank buildings and to evaluate them within the scope of modern architectural heritage. For this purpose, the relationship of the buildings with the context, structural programme, plan features, façade features, construction technique and material features were examined and their common features were defined. It has been concluded that the buildings are in close relationship with the environmental context with the intensively used historical city centres where they are located; the entrance formations and their façade design features, are shaped based on function, plan solutions, façade and mass compositions that are coherent in accordance with the solutions required by the bank and lodging program.