The Formation and Development Process of the Concept of “Global Jihad”
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15134740Keywords:
Islamism, Global Jihad, Muslim Brotherhood al-Qaeda, 9/11 Attacks.Abstract
The foundations of Islamism were laid in the 19th century, shaped by modernization efforts alongside a break from traditional Islam. In the 20th century, it gained a radical dimension, particularly through movements like the Muslim Brotherhood, while Sayyid Qutb’s ideas strengthened jihadist ideology. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan transformed jihad into a transnational phenomenon, while the 9/11 attacks and the Iraq invasion paved the way for the global spread of jihadist movements. During this process, organizations like al-Qaeda introduced jihadist ideology worldwide. However, the challenges and internal conflicts in the post-2001 period weakened these movements. The Iraq invasion led to the emergence of new groups, altering the dynamics of jihad. Consequently, the concept of global jihad continues to have significant impacts both in the Islamic world and in international relations.
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